Posts Tagged ‘testosterone’

According to a new study designed for evaluating whether androgenic anabolic steroids may be addictive in nature, hamsters exposed to the compounds noticed addictive behavior over a period of time.

The research that was conducted by the University of Southern California’s Keck School of medicine was released at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology’s (ACNP) annual conference.

From News.bio-medicine.org:

“Most people use anabolic steroids to enhance their physical performance, but they deny that steroids may be addictive,” noted lead researcher Ruth Wood, PhD, Professor of Cell and Neurobiology at USC. “Unlike other commonly abused drugs, the primary motivation for steroid users is not to get high, but rather to achieve enhanced athletic performance and increased muscle mass. The complex motivation for steroid use makes it difficult to determine the addictive properties of anabolic steroids in humans. Our goal was to create an experimental model of addiction where athletic performance and other reinforcing effects are irrelevant.”

Wood’s study is among the first to examine the potential for anabolic steroid addiction. The research was modeled after well-established methods used to study highly addictive drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. Hamsters were implanted with small cannulas for self-administration of commonly abused steroids into their brains. The animals then spent four hours per day in a chamber with access to two delivery mechanisms. When the hamster operated the active mechanism, he received 1 microgram of testosterone, or one of several commonly abused steroids: nandrolone, drostanolone, stanozolol, or oxymetholone.

It was suggested by the study that coaches and athletes must be aware of the addiction aspect besides other possible risks of using anabolic steroids.

Professional sportsmen, all over the world, trust testosterone cypionate when it comes to staying ahead of the competition. This is not just because this testosterone derivative is one of the most potent of all derivatives of the male sex hormone but also because it is easily accessible and affordable to say the least, besides being free from side effects.

Testosterone Cypionate is rated higher than Testosterone enanthate, another derivative of testosterone. This is primarily because the cypionate version is superior to the enanthate version in terms of active life and half life. Having a chemical structure of 4-androstene-3-one, 17beta-ol and ester molecular weight of 132.1184 g/mol, this long acting and single ester testosterone derivative has an anabolic/androgenic ratio of 100:100 and available in oral and injectable forms.

It can be detected over a period of 3 months and promotes improvements in terms of performance, endurance, body strength, and muscle function along with regulating the production of testosterone in the body.

Testosterone cypionate, the anabolic steroid, can be used in weekly doses of 300-2000 mg by men but not for a period exceeding 6-8 weeks at a stretch. This testosterone compound is generally stacked with Dianabol, Primobolan, Equipoise, and Clenbuterol. In case the level of estrogen formation exceeds the normal, antiestrogens such as Nolvadex and Clomid can be used. The use of these ancillary drugs can help in restoring the natural production of testosterone besides helping testosterone cypionate users stay away from gynecomastia and fluid retention.

If you are looking for the safest and effective anabolic steroid then Primobolan is one name that will not disappoint you at any point of time.

Also known as Primo, Primobolan is considered to be a popular and highly rated anabolic steroid in the world of powerful anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs. This drug is not 17-alkylate and this means that it does not lead to liver toxicity unless abused to a considerable extent. Primobolan is second to none when it comes to stimulating improvements in terms of new muscle mass and body strength gains.

Primobolan can become an integral part of any cutting cycle and has the unique ability of reducing sex hormone-binding globulin, female estrogen, and androgenic DHT levels and enhancing the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), total and active testosterone.

The chemical name of Primobolan is 17ß-hydroxy-1-methyl-5a-androst-1-en-3-one acetate and its substance name is Methenolone acetate [USAN]. The molecular formula of Primo is C₂₂H₃₂O₃ and it has the molecular weight of 344.488 g/mol at the base.

The recommended dose of Primo is 2-3 mg (daily) per kilogram of body weight of the user and Primobolan doses need to be taken for a period of approximately 3 months before expecting dramatic benefits and retaining these advantages. This anabolic steroid is not recommended for use by women and girls and is not recommended to people having an existing allergy to Primo or its ingredients. This drug is not meant for breastfeeding or pregnant women or those suffering from prostate cancer as it can lead to development of virilization and aggravation of disease activity.

When it comes to improving the standards of health, fitness, and performance on a continuing basis without coming in contact with steroid side effects, Testosterone enanthate is one name that can be trusted by one and all. Let us read more about this derivative of testosterone in order to develop a clear and complete understanding.

Testosterone enanthate is a potent derivative of testosterone, the male sex hormone. The testosterone derivative is admired by professional sportsmen and coaches all over the world to promote improvements in terms of muscle mass, body strength, muscle definition, performance, and stamina. It is also effective in minimizing the frequency of administration via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections.

In the world of professional bodybuilding, Testosterone enanthate is one of the most admired names since it does not lead in side effects unless abused or of a low grade. Since this testosterone derivative offers unique benefits and is inexpensive at the same time, it becomes the obvious choice of all.

Having an anabolic/androgenic ratio of 100/100, Testosterone enanthate is as anabolic as it is androgenic, which means that users can expect the best from this exemplary performance enhancing drug and better value in terms of optimized performance results.

Testosterone enanthate is usually stacked with anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs such as Clenbuterol, Dianabol, Deca Durabolin, Primobolan, Anavar, and Equipoise and users may need ready supplies of antiestrogens such as Arimidex, Clomid, or Nolvadex in case the formation of estrogens is more than normal. When used in doses of 300-2000 mg per week by men, Testosterone enanthate can bring dramatic results and prove its true worth.

If you are looking for nothing but the best when buying a potent testosterone derivative, testosterone cypionate is an excellent option for you.

Testosterone cypionate has been admired by bodybuilders, swimmers, and strength athletes since long. The fact that this derivative of testosterone, the male sex hormone, has longer half and active lives than testosterone enanthate makes it an amicable option for professional sportsmen. This derivative helps sportsmen enhance the levels of performance, stamina, muscle mass, muscle function, and body strength in as short as 4-6 weeks.

This cypionate version of testosterone has an anabolic/androgenic ratio of 100:100 that means that it is as much as anabolic as androgenic. Available in oral and injectable forms, Testosterone cypionate has an active life of approximately 15-16 days and can be detected over a period of 3 months.

The recommended dose of Testosterone Cypionate for men is 300-2000 mg per week but these doses must not stretch beyond a period of 6-8 weeks at a stretch. This steroid product is not recommended for use by women.

Testosterone cypionate can be stacked with anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs such as Dianabol, Primobolan, Equipoise, and Clenbuterol during a steroid cycle; antiestrogens such as Arimidex or Nolvadex may be required in case the formation of estrogens is more than normal. When abused or of a low grade quality, this testosterone derivative can result in steroid side effects such as acne, oily skin, and gynecomastia.

The Gold Coast Titans youngster, Travis Drought, returned a positive drug test for the banned performance enhancing drug, Nandrolone.

Drought, a product of the Northern Rivers, started at May at Manly before he returned home to join the Titans in mid-season.

From Foxsports.com.au:

The Northern Rivers product started the year at Manly before he returned home and joined the Titans mid-season.

It is understood he was drug tested after he joined the Titans.

Last month, Manly Toyota Cup second-rower Shane Gray tested positive to Clenbuterol.

The Gold Coast Titans said they could not comment on the issue but would follow the appropriate channels.

Nandrolone is a steroid-based drug derived from testosterone, which is prohibited both in and out of competition by the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA).

A penalty of two years may be imposed on Drought if the positive dope results are confirmed by the results of a second test.

A form of ghrelin, Des-acyl ghrelin, the appetite-stimulating hormone found in the body can be highly useful for providing relief to patients afflicted with muscle atrophy, as per the results of an animal study that were presented at the Endocrine Society’s 91st Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.

Co-author of the study Andrea Graziani, PhD, molecular biologist with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and the Biotechnology Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy, remarked that Des-acyl ghrelin is superior to currently prescribed options including anabolic steroids (testosterone) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) that are not completely safe.

From News-Medical.Net:

“Because of the wide impact of muscular atrophy on public health, it is of pivotal importance to find new and better drug strategies to treat it,” Graziani said.

Graziani and his co-workers are studying des-acyl ghrelin, a form of ghrelin, the appetite-stimulating hormone found in the body. Until recently, researchers thought that des-acyl ghrelin was inactive because it does not share the main activities of ghrelin-stimulating appetite, fat and the release of growth hormone.

However, Graziani’s group recently found that des-acyl ghrelin shares some biological activities with ghrelin, such as stimulating differentiation of other cells, including-important to this study-cells that are precursors to skeletal muscle cells.

In this new study, the researchers discovered that des-acyl ghrelin has a direct anti-atrophic activity on the skeletal muscle of mice with muscular atrophy caused by either denervation (nerve injury) or fasting. Mice that were genetically altered to have increased levels of des-acyl ghrelin had less skeletal muscle loss than the untreated control mice. This held true for both causes of muscular atrophy.

The mechanism by which des-acyl ghrelin protects muscle against atrophy is not yet known, the authors reported. However, it is distinct from the action of anabolic steroids and IGF-1.

The researchers concluded that the hormone behind appetite stimulation provides a direct anti-atrophic activity on skeletal muscle of the mice that can be caused by nerve injury or fasting.

If you are looking to buy testosterone suspension, we recommend you to have complete insights on this performance enhancing drug and testosterone derivative to avoid steroid abuse, knowingly or unknowingly. Read on!

Testosterone Suspension is a derivative of testosterone, which is the sex hormone in males. This testosterone derivative is available in oral and injectable forms and is primarily used to enhance the level of performance, on a continuing basis and without any fail. It is also effective in burning fat and in promoting the processes of nitrogen retention & protein synthesis, which means that the body will be in a better position than ever to build solid muscles after being administered with testosterone suspension.

This derivative of testosterone has no attached esters that mean that you get 100 mg of testosterone with 100 mg of testosterone suspension, which is quite unique to this anabolic steroid. This steroid is also useful in improving the count of red blood cells and endurance, which can be extremely useful to promote dramatic results during intense workouts.

The active life of testosterone suspension is 1-2 days and its anabolic/androgenic ratio is 100/100. Its recommended dose is 50-150 mg/day or 350-1000 mg/week for men. This drug can be taken with or without meals and is not recommended for use by women and girls. Testosterone suspension is often stacked with Dianabol and Anavar in order to get the most out of a steroid cycle.

We hope that this piece of information on testosterone suspension, an exceptional testosterone derivative and anabolic steroid, was useful in creating and maintaining awareness.

Members of the medical community have often testosterone for every bad thing in this world but the biggest of all raps came from the biomedical community that suggested a correlation between elevated testosterone levels and a suppressed immune system.

Stanton Braude, Ph.D., a lecturer in biology in Arts and Sciences and a biologist at the Washington University in St. Louis, suggested a completely turnaround for the hormone.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Braude came across a new body of research — about a dozen studies in all over the past five years — that questions the whole idea of immunosuppression and suggests that, instead of suppressing the immune system, testosterone and other steroids play a key role in what’s called immunoredistribution.

“The redistribution hypothesis predicts that when you are under stress the total number of immune cells in your body remains the same but are sent where they are most useful — to the skin to anticipate getting wounded and prevent infection,” Braude explains. “This makes perfect sense from an evolutionary standpoint. Now, today, with people constantly stressed, those immune cells aren’t protecting your gut from a virus or your lungs from an infection or a cold. So, you might get these illnesses, but the immune cells are out there protecting the skin. Personally, between gangrene and a cold, I’ll take the cold.”

Braude’s new idea is that testosterone signals infection-fighting white blood cells to go out of the blood stream and into the skin. He says it’s also possible that testosterone merely triggers the stress response, and other steroids from the adrenal gland then execute the redistribution.

“The bottom line is that a blood test of a highly parasitized breeding male peacock would show high testosterone but low white blood cell counts because the cells are temporarily out of the blood stream and in the skin,” Braude says.

The latest testosterone immunoredistribution hypothesis from Braude was published in an issue of Behavioral Ecology.

In wake of the recently released report by the American Medical Association’s (AMA) Council on Science and Public Health, Dr. Thomas T. Perls, an associate professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine condemned the promotion and distribution of growth hormones for non-medical purposes.

The criticism of growth hormones and appreciation of AMA for assessing risks and benefits of DHEA, growth hormone, testosterone, and estrogen was made by Dr. Perls editorial appearing in the Future Medicine journal Aging Health.

From Sciencedaily.com:

There have always been nostrums and potions peddled for eternal youth. Most recently these have been what some entrepreneurs call “bio-identical” or “all-natural” hormones. What they mean by these terms varies from substances made from vegetables — such as soy or yams, which some claim have estrogen-like effects to, more commonly, drugs that are exactly the same as hormones prescribed by endocrinologists for specific diseases. Dr. Perls remarked: “The terms bio-identical or all-natural, particularly in the case of the drugs prescribed by endocrinologists, misleadingly convey a sense of safety to the gullible customer. Arsenic is all-natural to, and it even has some medical uses, but it is anything but safe.”

“The AMA’s review of the risks and benefits of these hormones in the setting of anti-aging and athletic enhancement is very important given its inclusion of the consensus and position statements of the key professional medical societies as well as the federal agencies that guard public health.” states Dr. Perls in the editorial.

Dr. Perls denounced the marketing of hormones, especially growth hormone and anabolic steroids, for the purpose of anti-aging.